Ceratopsian Month #25 – Pentaceratops sternbergii

An illustration of the extinct ceratopsid dinosaur Pentaceratops. It's a chunky quadrupedal dinosaur with a parrot-like beak, a short nose horn, long brow horns, and a long rectangular bony frill with a U-shaped top edge with a pair of forward-curving spikes. It's depicted with speculative quills along its back and tail, and its colored dark grey with a paler underside and pale spot across its body and face, along with orange spots around the edge of its frill.

Despite its name, Pentaceratops (“five-horned face”) only had three main facial horns just like most other ceratopsids. The extra two “horns” actually refer to the cheek spikes which protruded out sideways from its face – a feature seen in all ceratopsids to some degree, but especially long and sharply pointed in Pentaceratops.

Living about 76-73 million years ago, its fossils are known from New Mexico and Colorado, USA. A possible second species, P. aquilonius, was discovered much farther north in Alberta, Canada, but this identification is somewhat dubious due to the remains being highly fragmentary.

Multiple specimens have been found, with a full body length of around 5-6m (16’4″-19’8”). One especially large specimen previously identified as Pentaceratops was nearly 7m long (23′), but has since been moved into its own separate genus Titanoceratops.

Pentaceratops’ frill was one of the largest of all known ceratopsids, similar in size and shape to that of its close relative Utahceratops, with a U-shaped top edge and a pair of forward-curving spikes.

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