Mosura fentoni was a small radiodont living during the mid-Cambrian, about 508 million years ago, in near-equatorial shallow marine waters covering what is now western Canada.
Sixty specimens have been discovered in the Burgess Shale fossil deposits, ranging from 1.5cm long juveniles (~0.6″) to 6cm long adults (~2.4″), giving us a detailed look at Mosura’s anatomy and life history. It had three eyes – two on the sides of its head on short stalks and one in the middle of its face – and a pair of grasping frontal appendages each with six long sickle-shaped spines.
Unusually for a radiodont its body was divided into distinct regions: a four-segment neck, a six-segment mesotrunk with large swimming flaps, and an abdomen-like posterotrunk with up to at least sixteen segments (fewer in juveniles), all bearing gills along their undersides.
Its vaguely moth-like shape led to it being nicknamed “sea-moth” by field collectors, and inspired its genus name – “Mosura” is the Japanese name of the fictional giant kaiju moth-monster Mothra.
With a very high proportion of respiratory surface area for its size, Mosura was probably an active and agile fast-swimming predator, possibly living in low-oxygen waters around the outer continental shelf. Its wide oval central eye may have helped it stay orientated during rapid maneuvers, keeping track of the horizon line similar to the median eyes of modern dragonflies.
References:
- Moysiuk, Joseph, and Jean-Bernard Caron. “Early evolvability in arthropod tagmosis exemplified by a new radiodont from the Burgess Shale.” Royal Society Open Science 12.5 (2025): 242122. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.242122
- “Plate Tectonics and the Cambrian World” Royal Ontario Museum, https://burgess-shale.rom.on.ca/science/the-burgess-shale/geological-background/plate-tectonics-and-the-cambrian-world/
- Royal Ontario Museum. “Palaeontologists discover 506-million-year-old predator” ScienceDaily, 13 May 2025, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/05/250513225800.htm
- Stange, Gert, et al. “Anisotropic imaging in the dragonfly median ocellus: a matched filter for horizon detection.” Journal of Comparative Physiology A 188 (2002): 455-467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-002-0317-7
- Wikipedia contributors. “Mosura fentoni” Wikipedia, 19 May 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosura_fentoni